Kwakhona, iplastiki ibonakalise ukuba ikho kuyo yonke indawo elwandle.Ukuntywila emazantsi e-Mariana Trench, ekutyholwa ukuba yafikelela kwii-35,849 ezinyaweni, usomashishini waseDallas uVictor Vescovo wathi ufumene isikhwama seplastiki.Esi ayisosihlandlo sokuqala: esi sisihlandlo sesithathu kufunyanwa iplastiki kweyona ndawo inzulu yolwandle.
UVescovo wantywila kwindawo yokuhlambela ngomhla wama-28 ku-Epreli njengenxalenye yohambo lwakhe “lweNzululwazi eziHlanu,” oluquka uhambo oluya kwezona ndawo zinzulu zolwandle.Ngexesha leeyure ezine zeVescovo emazantsi eMariana Trench, wabona iindidi ezininzi zezinto eziphila elwandle, enye yazo inokuba luhlobo olutsha – ingxowa yeplastiki kunye nezokusonga iilekese.
Bambalwa abaye bafikelela kubunzulu obunjalo.Injineli yaseSwitzerland uJacques Piccard kunye noLieutenant waseMelika uLieutenant Don Walsh baba ngabokuqala ngo-1960. Umhloli welizwe lelizwe jikelele kunye nomenzi wefilimu uJames Cameron watshona emazantsi olwandle ngo-2012. ukuba iVescovo yabanga ukuba ifikelele kuyo.
Ngokungafaniyo nabantu, iplastiki iwa ngokulula.Kwangoko kulo nyaka, uphononongo lwathatha iisampulu ze-amphipods ukusuka kwimisele emithandathu enzulu yolwandle, kubandakanya i-Marianas, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba zonke ziye zaginya ii-microplastics.
Uphononongo olupapashwe ngo-Okthobha ka-2018 lwabhala eyona plastiki inzulu eyaziwayo-ingxowa yokuthenga ebuthathaka-ifumene iinyawo ezingama-36,000 kubunzulu kwi-Mariana Trench.Iingcali zenzululwazi ziyifumene ngokuphonononga iDatha yeDeep Sea Debris Database, eneefoto kunye neevidiyo ze-5,010 zokuntywila kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo.
Kwinkunkuma ehleliweyo erekhodiweyo kuvimba weenkcukacha, iplastiki yeyona ixhaphakileyo, kunye neengxowa zeplastiki ngokukodwa ezingowona mthombo mkhulu wenkunkuma yeplastiki.Olunye ubutyobo lwaluvela kwizinto ezifana nerabha, isinyithi, iinkuni kunye nelaphu.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-89% yeeplastiki kuphononongo zazisetyenziselwa enye, ezo zisetyenziswe kanye kwaye zilahlwe, ezifana neebhotile zamanzi zeplastiki okanye i-tableware elahlayo.
I-Mariana Trench ayingomngxuma omnyama ongenabomi, unabemi abaninzi.I-NOAA Okeanos Explorer iphonononge ubunzulu bommandla ngo-2016 kwaye yafumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobomi, kuquka neentlobo ezifana ne-corals, i-jellyfish kunye ne-octopus.Uphononongo luka-2018 luphinde lwafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezili-17 zemifanekiso yeplastiki erekhodiweyo kwisiseko sedatha ibonise uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzisana nobomi baselwandle, njengezilwanyana ezibhijeneyo kwinkunkuma.
Iplastiki esetyenziswa kanye kuphela ixhaphakile kwaye inokuthabatha amakhulu eminyaka nangaphezulu ukubola endle.Ngokophononongo lwangoFebruwari 2017, amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwi-Mariana Trench aphezulu kwezinye iindawo kuneminye yemilambo engcolisekileyo yaseTshayina.Ababhali bophononongo bacebisa ukuba ukungcola kweekhemikhali kwimisele kunokuza inxalenye yeplastiki kwikholamu yamanzi.
I-tubeworms (ibomvu), i-eel kunye ne-jockey crab bafumana indawo kufuphi ne-hydrothermal vent.(Funda malunga nezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga zeyona ndawo inzulu ye-hydrothermal vents ye-Pacific.)
Ngelixa iplastiki inokungena elwandle ngokuthe ngqo, njengenkunkuma evuthelwe elunxwemeni okanye ilahlwe kwizikhephe, uphononongo olupapashwe ngo-2017 lufumanise ukuba uninzi lwayo lungena elwandle lusuka kwimilambo eyi-10 ehamba kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.
Izixhobo zokuloba ezilahliweyo zikwangumthombo omkhulu wongcoliseko lweplastiki, kunye nophononongo olupapashwe ngoMatshi ka-2018 olubonisa ukuba izinto zenza uninzi lwePatch yeNkunkuma yeNkunkuma yaseTexas edadayo phakathi kweHawaii neCalifornia.
Ngelixa kukho ngokucacileyo iplastiki eninzi elwandle kunokuba ikhona kwingxowa enye yeplastiki, into ngoku iguqukile ukusuka kwisafobe esingakhathaliyo somoya ukuya kumzekelo wendlela abantu abachaphazela ngayo iplanethi.
© 2015-2022 National Geographic Partners, LLC.Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2022