NgoJulayi ka-2022, ukuvalwa kukarhulumente wase-India kwiplastiki yokusetyenziswa kanye (SUP) kuya kuqalisa ukusebenza. Noko yingxelo yakutshanje evela kuMphathiswa wezokusiNgqongileyo, amaHlathi kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu (i-MoEFCC). Imigaqo yoLungiso yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yePlastiki yowama-2021 ibhengezwe U-Agasti umisela ukuba ii-SUPs ezichongiweyo ezingama-20 ziya kupheliswa kulo nyaka uzayo.
Nangona amabhongo, kwaye abanye bade babone ingxaki yeplastiki yekhephu yaseIndiya njengotshintsho olwamkelekileyo, isibhengezo siphakamisa imibuzo emininzi.
Ingxelo yePlastiki yokusetyenziswa okukodwa, elungiswe yikomiti yeengcali yeSebe leKhemistri kunye nePetrochemicals (DCPC), ihlela iimveliso zeplastiki ngokweempembelelo zazo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo - ezo zifunyanwe zineyona nto isebenzayo kunye neyona mpembelelo iphezulu yokusingqongileyo iyacetyiswa kwisigaba- ngaphandle .Ezi ziquka iibhegi ezibhityileyo (ezingaphantsi kwe-50 microns);iitoti ezingenalukiweyo kunye nezivalo (ngaphantsi kwe-80 gsm kunye ne-320 microns);iifilimu ezincinci zokupakisha / ukupakisha;imiququ/izithuthuthu;iitafile ezinjengeekomityi zegwebu, izitya;Iiplagi zendlebe;Izihluzi zeCigarette;Iibhotile zePlastiki ezincinci;Iibhanile zePlastiki;Phakathi kwezinye iimveliso.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, le ngxelo ikwakhankanya ukuba ekuphononongeni ukuvalwa kwemveliso yeplastiki kunye nezinye izithintelo ezikhutshwe ngoorhulumente bamazwe kunye nemimandla yomdibaniso, ikomiti yeengcali "iphawule ukunqongophala kokufana kwisikhokelo kwaye iyahluka ngokubanzi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe".
Lindawoni eli shishini?Ukrwaqula nje kancinci kuluhlu oluqaqambisa amanqaku eempembelelo ezigwenxa zokusingqongileyo ze-SUP zenza kucace ukuba ezi mveliso ziveliswa ngabavelisi abancinci nabaphakathi. Azisekho iinkampani ezinkulu ezivelisa yonke into ngobuninzi befanitshala neengxowa. ukupakishwa kwe-multi-layer kunye neebhotile.
I-Mindelo Foundation's Plastic Waste Manufacturers Index, ekhutshwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ibonise iinkampani ezivelisa i-90% yenkunkuma ye-SPU yehlabathi.Uluhlu lubandakanya i-Reliance Industries, i-GAIL India, i-Indian Oil Corporation kunye ne-Haldia Petrochemicals evela e-Indiya.
Ukupakishwa kunye ne-EPR Dilemma: Ingxelo yeZiko leNzululwazi kunye nokusiNgqongileyo ifumene ukuba ukupakishwa kweplastiki (i-flexible and rigid) akhawunti malunga ne-60% yayo yonke inkunkuma yeplastiki eyenziwa. ., kodwa inkunkuma yokupakisha ayikabikho kuluhlu lokuphuma.
IMithetho yoLawulo lweNkunkuma yePlasitiki ka-2016 icebisa ukuba le nkunkuma iqokelelwe kwaye ilawulwe ngendlela egcinakeleyo ngokusiNgqoma koMvelisi owandisiweyo (i-EPR) yabaVelisi, abaThumela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nabanini beempawu (ii-PIBOs).” Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva koko, i-EPR yolawulo lwenkunkuma yeplastiki iseyiyo. ephepheni ngenxa yokungathotyelwa kwe-PIBO nokunganyanzelisi kwamagunya ngabasemagunyeni,” utshilo uDown to Earth.” Iingqikelelo zabaphathiswa zokuba iiPIBO ziza kuqalisa ukuthobela ziyadida.”
Ingxelo yeKomiti yeNgcali iyayixhasa le nto, iphawula ukuba ingcamango ye-EPR yaseIndiya inxulumene kakhulu nenkunkuma kunye neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo, kodwa ayizange iqalise ukuphunyezwa.Le yenye ikhonkco engekhoyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wokuvalwa kweplastiki yaseIndiya.
Ukophula i-Bioplastic Foam: Okulandelayo zii-"bioplastics" ezidumileyo kunye nezinye iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo, ezinokonakalisa i-oxidatively kunye ne-oxidatively biodegradable - ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthengeni okanye kwiingxowa ze-tote. okanye "iplastiki-free" ziyibali elahluke ngokupheleleyo.Khumbula ukuba ayizizo zonke iiplastiki ze-bio- kunye nezityalo ezisekelwe kwi-biodegradable, kwaye ayizizo zonke iiplastiki "eziluhlaza" okanye ezonakalisekayo ezisekelwe kwizinto eziphilayo.
Ukongeza, bafuna ukwakhiwa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba umgquba phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo.Ingxelo ikhankanya ukuba iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma zikamasipala eIndiya azinayo into efunekayo ukuze zibole iingxowa ezivundisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukupakishwa kweplastiki okuvundisiweyo akusiso isisombululo, kodwa isisombululo kwisicelo esithile esijoliswe kuyo, njengoko iiplastiki ezininzi ezivundisiweyo zibiza kakhulu kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinqongophele e-India.Xa iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo kunye neeplastiki ezixutywayo zixutywe, inkqubo yokubuyisela iyancipha.
UmSebenzi ongekho sikweni: Ngokutsho kwe-Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), imboni yeplastiki yokuphinda isetyenziswe eIndiya iqeshe abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.6 yezigidi kwaye ineeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-7,500 zokurisayikilisha. Abadlali abasebenzisa iinkqubo ezisisiseko zokuhlela inkunkuma nabangenalwazi lwezenzululwazi malunga nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukuyihlela nokulahlwa kwayo.
Njengoko ingxelo isitsho, ishishini leplastiki akufuneki liphucule kuphela ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha, kodwa lityale imali ekufundiseni aba badlali nokubanika inkuthazo yokulawula inkunkuma ngobulumko.
Isitshixo kolu luhlu si-scavengers - kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1.5 yezigidi kunye ne-4 yezigidi. Kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo okuphucula indlela abasebenza ngayo.Badinga inkuthazo ye-ID, isigunyaziso, impilo, izibonelelo, imfundo, kunye nokunye.Ukuba umthombo wokwahlukaniswa kunye imithetho yokuthintela ukuxutywa kweeplastiki iphunyeziwe, oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi babaqoki benkunkuma kwaye benze imisebenzi yabo ikhuseleke.
Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, ubhubhane wenze ukuba umlo ochasene neplastiki ube nzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokunyuka kweekhithi zePPE kunye neemaski ezilahlwayo, kodwa imfazwe ne-SUP iqhubekile amashumi eminyaka. Abangcolisi bayaqhubeka bengcolisa, kwaye indawo yokulahla inkunkuma iya iba mde ngomzuzu ngamnye.Ngaphandle kokuba kukho idatha eqinileyo malunga nokuba yeyiphi imveliso ekufuneka ivaliwe kwaye njani, ingxaki yeplastiki yaseIndiya ikude nokuphela, ngaphaya kokubeka imithetho ekhoyo ekusebenzeni.
Inguqulelo Yoshicilelo |Epreli 25, 2022 12:06:57 PM |https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/single-use-plastics-2022-ban-environment-crisis/ article36510666.ece
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-08-2022