Kuthekani ngengxowa yephepha le-kraft ngenkulungwane ye-19?

Kuthekani ngengxowa yephepha le-kraft ngenkulungwane ye-19?

Emva phayaa ngenkulungwane ye-19, ngaphambi kokufika kweevenkile ezinkulu, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu bathenge zonke izinto zabo zemihla ngemihla kwivenkile yokutya kufutshane nalapho basebenza okanye bahlala khona.Kubuhlungu kakhulu ukuthengisa iimpahla zemihla ngemihla kubathengi emva kokuba zithunyelwe ngobuninzi kwiivenkile zegrosari ngemigqomo, iingxowa zelaphu okanye iibhokisi zomthi.Abantu babenokuthenga kuphela iibhaskithi okanye iibhegi zelinen ezenziwe ekhaya.Ngelo xesha, izinto ezisetyenziswa ephepheni zaziseyijute fiber kunye nentloko yelinen endala, eyayikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye inqabile, kwaye yayingakwazi nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoshicilelo lwephephandaba.Malunga nowe-1844, uFriedrich Kohler waseJamani wavelisa ubuchule bokwenza iphepha lenkuni, elakhuthaza kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini lephepha kwaye ngokungangqalanga wazala urhwebo lokuqala.kraft ibhegi yephephakwimbali.

Ngowe-1852, uFrancis Waller, ingcali ngezityalo yaseMerika, wayila eyokuqalakraft ibhegi yephephaumatshini wokwenza, owathi ke wanyuselwa eFransi, eBritani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.Kamva, ukuzalwa kweplywoodiingxowa zephepha ze-kraftkunye nenkqubela phambili yekraft ibhegi yephephaitekhnoloji yokuthunga yenza iingxowa zomqhaphu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla eninzi nazo zatshintshwaiingxowa zephepha ze-kraft.

Xa kufika eyokuqalabrown kraft paper bagyokuthenga, yazalwa ngo-1908 eSt. Paul, eMinnesota.UWalter Duverna, umnini wevenkile yasekhaya, waqala ukukhangela iindlela zokwenza abathengi bathenge izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye ukuze kunyuswe intengiso.UDuverna wayecinga ukuba iya kuba yibhegi esele inexabiso eliphantsi nelula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inokuphatha ubuncinane iiponti ezingama-75.Emva kovavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo, uya kuba ngumgangatho wempahla yesi sitshixo sebhegi kwiiphepha lekraft elimdaka, kuba ISEBENZA ipulp yefiber yenkuni ende, kwinkqubo yokupheka ngekhemistri emodareyithayo ngakumbi yesoda ye-caustic kunye ne-alcali sulphide ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, yenza ukomelela komonakalo woqobo womsonto womthi umncinci, ngaloo ndlela wenziwa ngephepha, unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwefayibha. , iphepha liqinile, linokumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.Kwiminyaka emine kamva, eyokuqalabrown kraft paper bagyenzelwe ukuthenga.Inoxande ezantsi kwaye inomthamo omkhulu kunomthonyama omile okwe-Vkraft ibhegi yephepha.Intambo ingena emazantsi nasemacaleni ebhegi ukunyusa umthamo wayo wokuthwala umthwalo, kwaye ezimbini ekulula ukuzibamba zitsalela ifomu phezu kwengxowa.UDuverna wathiya ibhegi yokuthenga ngegama lakhe kwaye wayenza ipatent ngo-1915. Ngeli xesha, ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye sezi ngxowa zazithengiswa ngonyaka.

Ukubonakala komdakaiingxowa zephepha ze-kraftiye yatshintsha indlela yokucinga yemveli ukuba isixa sokuthenga inokulinganiselwa kuphela isixa izinto ezinokuthwalwa ngezandla zozibini, kwaye kwakhona wenza abathengi bangabi sazikhathaza ngokungayithwali, nto leyo enciphisa uyolo lokuthenga ngokwayo.Kusenokuba sisibaxo ukuthetha ukubabrown kraft paper bagintengiso eyongeziweyo iyonke, kodwa ubuncinci ityhile kumashishini ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela ukuba zingaphi na izinto abathengi abaza kuzithenga de amava okuthenga akhululeke, aphumle kwaye alungele kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Yile ngongoma kanye ebangela ukuba abo bafike emva kwexesha baqhoboshele ukubaluleka kumava okuthenga abathengi, kwaye ikwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwebhaskithi yevenkile enkulu kunye nenqwelo yokuthenga kamva.

Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane elandelayo, ukuphuhliswa komdakaiphepha le-kraft iingxowa zokuthengakunokuthiwa kugudileyo, ukuphuculwa kwezinto zenza ukuba umthamo wayo wokuthwala uphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo, inkangeleko iye yanda ngakumbi nangakumbi, abavelisi baprinta zonke iintlobo zeempawu zorhwebo, iipatheni kwiingxowa zephepha zekraft ezimdaka, kwiivenkile nakwiivenkile ezitratweni. .Kuze kube phakathi kwekhulu lama-20, ukuvela kweengxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki zaba enye inguqu enkulu kwimbali yophuhliso lweengxowa zokuthenga.Ibhityile, yomelele kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi ukwenza izibonelelo ezifana nebhegi yephepha emdaka emdaka eyayifudula isaziwa.Ukususela ngoko, iiplastiki zeplastiki ziye zaba yinto yokuqala yokukhetha ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, ngelixa izikhwama zenkomo ziye zahamba ngokuthe ngcembe "zibuyele kumgca wesibini".

Ekugqibeleni, yaphelabrown kraft paper baginokusetyenziswa kuphela egameni elithi "nostalgia", "indalo" kunye "nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo" kwinani elincinci leemveliso zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, iimpahla kunye neencwadi, ukupakishwa kweemveliso zomsindo kunye nevidiyo.

Kodwa umkhwa wehlabathi ochasene neplastiki ubuyisela ingqwalasela yakudalabrown kraft paper bag.Ukusukela ngo-2006, uMcDonald's waseChina ngokuthe ngcembe wazisa i-insulatedbrown kraft paper bagkukutya okuthathiweyo kuzo zonke iindawo zayo, endaweni yokusetyenziswa kweengxowa zokutya zeplastiki.Eli nyathelo liye langqinwa nangabanye abathengisi abafana noNike kunye noAdidas, ababesebenzisa iiplastiki ezinkulu, kwaye batshintsha iiplastiki zokuthenga ezikumgangatho ophezulu zamaphepha amdaka.