Umqhubi weAmazon Flex uArielle McCain, oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala, uzisa iphakheji ngoDisemba 18, 2018, eCambridge, eMassachusetts. Abakhankaseli bendalo kunye neengcali zenkunkuma bathi iingxowa zeplastiki ezintsha zeAmazon, ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiibhini zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ecaleni kwendlela, zinempembelelo embi. (Pat Greenhouse/The Boston Globe)
Kunyaka ophelileyo, iAmazon inciphise inani leempahla ezipakishwe kwiibhokisi zekhadibhodi yaza yakhetha iposi yeplastiki ekhaphukhaphu, nto leyo eye yavumela le nkampani inkulu yokuthengisa ukuba ifake iipakeji ezininzi kwiilori zokuhambisa kunye neenqwelomoya.
Kodwa abakhankaseli bendalo kunye neengcali zenkunkuma bathi iintlobo ezintsha zeengxowa zeplastiki ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiibhini zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ecaleni kwendlela zinempembelelo embi.
“Ukupakisha kweAmazon kuneengxaki ezifanayo neengxowa zeplastiki, ezingenakulungiswa kwinkqubo yethu yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha zize zibhajwe koomatshini,” utshilo uLisa Se, umphathi wenkqubo kwiCandelo leeNkunkuma eziqinileyo zaseKing County, elijongene nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha eKing County, eWashington. ULisa Sepanski uthe.., apho ikomkhulu leAmazon likhona.”Kufuneka umsebenzi omkhulu ukuzisusa. Kufuneka bamise umatshini.”
Ixesha leeholide lakutshanje libe lelona lixakeke kakhulu kurhwebo lwe-e-commerce, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuthunyelwe izinto ezininzi – nto leyo ebangele inkunkuma eninzi ekupakisheni. Njengeqonga elingasemva kwesiqingatha sayo yonke intengiselwano ye-e-commerce ngo-2018, iAmazon yeyona nkampani inkulu yokuthutha inkunkuma kunye nomvelisi, kwaye ingumseki wezinto ezintsha, ngokutsho kwe-eMarketer, oko kuthetha ukuba ukutshintshela kwayo kwiposi yeplastiki kunokubonisa utshintsho kwishishini liphela. Abanye abathengisi abasebenzisa iposi yeplastiki efanayo baquka iTarget, engazange ivume ukuphawula.
Ingxaki ngeposi yeplastiki iphindwe kabini: kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuphinda isetyenziswe nganye nganye, kwaye ukuba iphelela kumjelo oqhelekileyo, inokuphazamisa inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ithintele ukuba iinqwaba ezinkulu zezinto zingasetyenziswa kwakhona. Abameli bendalo bathi iAmazon, inkampani enkulu kushishino, kufuneka yenze umsebenzi ongcono wokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba baphinde basebenzise iposi yeplastiki, ngokubonelela ngemfundo engaphezulu kunye nezinye iindawo zokwenza oko.
“Besisebenza nzima ukuphucula iindlela zethu zokupakisha kunye nokuphinda sisebenzise izinto kwaye sinciphise inkunkuma yokupakisha yehlabathi ngaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini ngo-2018,” utshilo isithethi seAmazon uMelanie Janin, wongeza ukuba iAmazon inika ulwazi lokuphinda sisebenzise izinto kwiwebhusayithi yayo. (I-CEO yeAmazon uJeff Bezos ungumnini weThe Washington Post.)
Ezinye iingcali zenkunkuma zithi injongo yeAmazon yokunciphisa ikhadibhodi enkulu yindlela efanelekileyo. Iposi yeplastiki ineengenelo ezithile kwindalo esingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhokisi, zithatha indawo encinci kwiikhonteyina nakwiilori, nto leyo eyonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthunyelwa. Ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwefilimu yeplastiki kukhupha iigesi ezincinci zegreenhouse kwaye kusebenzisa ioyile encinci kunekhadibhodi esetyenzisiweyo, utshilo uDavid Allawi, umhlalutyi omkhulu wemigaqo-nkqubo yenkqubo yolawulo lwezixhobo kwiSebe leMigangatho yeNdalo laseOregon.
Iplastiki ixabisa kancinci kwaye ihlala ixesha elide kangangokuba iinkampani ezininzi ziyisebenzisela ukupakisha. Kodwa abathengi badla ngokufaka iingxowa zeplastiki kwibhini yokubuyisela izinto. Iingcali zithi iposi yeplastiki iyayiphepha ingqalelo yoomatshini bokuhlela kwaye iyise kwiibheli zephepha ezifakwe iibheli ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona, nto leyo engcolisa yonke iphakheji, idlula impembelelo entle yokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwekhadibhodi eninzi. Iipakethi zephepha zazisetyenziselwa ukufumana amaxabiso aphezulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye bezisoloko zinenzuzo kwishishini lokubuyisela izinto kwakhona. Kodwa iibheli kunzima kakhulu ukuzithengisa—ezininzi zithunyelwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo eTshayina—kangangokuba iinkampani ezininzi zokubuyisela izinto kwakhona kunxweme lwaseNtshona kufuneka zizilahle. (Ukupakisha ngomnye nje umthombo wongcoliseko lweplastiki kwiingxowa zephepha ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona.)
“Njengoko ukupakisha kuya kusiba nzima kwaye kulula, kufuneka sicubungule izinto ezininzi ngesantya esiphantsi ukuze sivelise isivuno esifanayo. Ngaba inzuzo yanele? Impendulo namhlanje nguhayi,” utshilo uPete Keller, usekela-mongameli we-recycling kwi-Republic Services. , le nkampani yenye yezona zinto zinkulu ezithutha inkunkuma eMelika.” Ukujongana nayo yonke imihla kudinga abasebenzi kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye ngokunyanisekileyo kubiza kakhulu.”
Kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, iAmazon iye yanciphisa ukupakisha okungeyomfuneko, ukupakisha iimveliso kwiibhokisi zazo zokuqala nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, okanye kwiipakethe ezilula kangangoko. UJanin waseAmazon uthe inkampani itshintshele kwii-mailers zeplastiki ezilula kunyaka ophelileyo njengenxalenye yomzamo omkhulu wokunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha kunye neendleko zokusebenza. UJanin ubhala ukuba iAmazon "okwangoku yandisa amandla e-buffer mail enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo enokusetyenziswa kwakhona kumjelo wokuphinda isetyenziswe kwephepha."
Enye yeenkampani ezimbalwa zeFortune 500 ezingafaki ingxelo yoxanduva lwentlalo okanye yokuzinza kwenkampani, le nkampani eseSeattle ithi inkqubo yayo yokupakisha "engenangxaki" inciphise inkunkuma yokupakisha nge-16 ekhulwini kwaye yasusa isidingo seMfuno yeebhokisi zokuthumela ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-305.2017.
“Ngokoluvo lwam, ukutshintshela kwabo ekupakisheni okuguquguqukayo kuqhutywa yindleko kunye nokusebenza, kodwa kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wekhabhoni,” utshilo uNina Goodrich, umlawuli weSustainable Packaging Alliance. Ujongana nelogo yeHow2Recycle, eyaqala ukubonakala kwiposi yeplastiki eneepakethe zeAmazon ngoDisemba ka-2017, njengenyathelo eliya kwimfundo yabathengi.
Enye ingxaki ngeposi entsha egcwele iplastiki kukuba iAmazon kunye nabanye abathengisi babeka iilebhile zedilesi zephepha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafaneleki ukurisayikilishwa, nokuba zisezivenkileni. Iilebhile kufuneka zisuswe ukuze kwahlulwe iphepha kwiplastiki ukuze izinto zirisayikilishwe.
“Iinkampani zinokuthatha izinto ezilungileyo zize zenze zingaphinde zisetyenziswe ngokusekelwe kwiileyibhile, izincamathelisi okanye ii-inki,” utshilo uGoodrich.
Okwangoku, ezi posi zeAmazon ezizaliswe ngeplastiki zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe xa abathengi besusa ilebheli baze bayise kwindawo yokulahla ngaphandle kwezinye iitsheyini. Emva kokucoca, ukomisa kunye nokwenza i-polymer, iplastiki inokunyibilikiswa yenziwe ngomthi odibeneyo wokufaka iidekhi. Izixeko ezithintela iingxowa zeplastiki, njengedolophu yaseSeattle eAmazon, zineendawo ezimbalwa zokulahla.
Ngokutsho kweNgxelo ye-2017 Closed-Loop Report on Recycling in the US, yi-4% kuphela yefilimu yeplastiki eqokelelwe kwimizi yaseMelika ephinda isetyenziswe ngeenkqubo zokuqokelela kwiivenkile zokutya nakwiivenkile ezinkulu. Enye i-96% iguquka ibe yinkunkuma, nokuba iphoswa kwindawo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ecaleni kwendlela, iphelela kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.
Amanye amazwe afuna iinkampani ukuba zithwale uxanduva olukhulu lwezemali nolawulo lweemveliso zazo emva kokuba abathengi bezisebenzisile. Kwezi nkqubo, iinkampani zihlawulwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani benkunkuma ebangelwe ziimveliso zazo kunye nokupakisha kwazo.
Ukuze ihambelane neembopheleleko zayo zomthetho, iAmazon ihlawula ezi ntlawulo kwamanye amazwe angaphandle kwe-United States. I-Amazon sele iphantsi kweenkqubo ezinjalo eKhanada, ngokutsho kwe-Canadian Managed Services Alliance, exhasa iinkqubo kumaphondo.
Kwimithetho emininzi esetyenziswayo eMelika yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezo mfuno azikafumaneki zilungele urhulumente wobumbano, ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile, ezinetyhefu nezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-elektroniki kunye neebhetri.
Iingcali zicebisa ukuba iilokhari ezibonakalayo ezigcinelwe abathengi yiAmazon zinokuzamkela iipakeji ezisetyenzisiweyo, zongeza ngelithi iAmazon ingazibophelela ekuphindeni isebenzise iplastiki ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo kwiposi yayo yokuthumela.
“Bangakwazi ukusasaza izinto ngendlela echaseneyo, bebuyisela izinto kwinkqubo yabo yokusasaza. Ezi ndawo zokuqokelela izinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube lula kubathengi,” utshilo uScott Cassell, umphathi oyintloko we-Institute for Product Management, eyenze olu phando. Kunjalo nangenkampani egxile ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeemveliso zabathengi.” Kodwa kuya kubabiza imali.”
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-29-2022